References for 20mph speed limits (costed for each person & Littlehampton)

WHO and UN etc

• this is a World Health Organization program , a strategy 2009

safety

1. 20mph limits reduce serious injury and deaths by 36%, and minor injury by 25%, 2015 wales , 20splenty.org (London figures)
2. Road traffic accidents cost (UK cost £3.5b=) £60/person/year, reduces by a third so saving = £20/person/year here and 2022
3. Summary 2019 Public health improves 2016
4. older people are much more prone to injury

surveys

1. National surveys
2. Sustrans.org.uk
3. local street surveys daily April 2023 (Personal)
4. results Active Travel in Arun Consultation Feedback Report 2020 finds 5% cycling rates; and more cycling routes are requested
5. In our Littlehampton surveys, larger homes (often on cul-de-sacs) have slow speeds outside their home (2022), but only 50% of these respondents want slower speeds further away. Yet on some busy roads, with small homes, nearly 100% want slower speeds on their street and beyond. Car speeds are thus a matter of social inequality "Roadway environment can explain a substantial portion of the excess rate of road traffic injuries in the poorest urban areas."

acceptance of 20mph limits

• initially some objections, then panic, then (after implementation) nearly everyone supports
• Wales 2022

benefits overall

• Portsmouth, Belfast ,Bristol, Brighton, London TFL, play spaces outside, Wales , Paris, French villages & towns & Village default 30kph
• 28 million people in the UK already live in local authorities where 20mph is normal.
  

big cars cause more injury

• 2023,
• suvs: 66% increase in serous injury with heavy cars
• motorized traffic discourages walking and cycling 2009

cars go ever faster

• New Scientist 2011

cycling rates

• Cycling rates in Europe
• 5% West Sussex (ADC survey)

cost

• £10/person =£320,000 one off cost for the Littlehampton area. (Based on figures in Wales); £4/person 20splenty
• Cameras: optional, cameras could be funded by fines (Wales)

healthier

• cycling is the healthiest way to get around
• 50 lives a year saved just in Littlehampton from health improvements
• Aruns health is getting worse 2020
• savings £62/person/year in health costs: exercise improves health 30%, and 20mph limits increase walking & cycling 20%
• social care costs £300/person/year. As slower speeds encourage more social interaction, these costs will be slightly reduced also.
• public health issue urban planning

mental health

• social isolation from traffic increases problems,
• Birmingham
• livability improves and community severance reduces
• teenagers spend more time online, and this makes them less happy. "Every non-screen activity was correlated with more happiness", so we need to get them out to see friends and to join in activities. But we can't do this if outside space is dangerous with fast speeds, big cars, and lots of traffic.
  

noise

1. Noise contributes to ill health Birmingham. 20mph limits reduce noise by 50%/3db
2. World Health Organization 2024 Causes heart problems
   

economic benefits

1. Value-of-cycling.pdf ...cycling adds value to the local community
2. ~2014
3. local spending increases
   

journey times

• Journey times are 17 seconds slower per mile
• Buses are minimally slower (UK parliament..3% slower for road humps) Other references maximum 5% slower. Without humps [we are not asking for humps] speeds will be even less affected.

particulate pollution

1. traffic flows more smoothly with less stopping and starting and therefore less pollution
2. Particulate Matter Is a Surprisingly Common Contributor to Disease/ and many others
3. China
4. 50% particulate air pollution is due to traffic, (about 50% log burning stoves) and pollution accounts for 8% of all deaths, so traffic contributes to 4% of deaths in Littlehampton.

traffic levels

• traffic increasing

stress of none drivers and drivers increase with high traffic speeds

1. higher levels of stress were generally associated with walking in near to collector and arterial streets
2. driving increases stress
3. 1/3 of UK children anxious & miss school

Aruns Carbon Neutral Strategy

• 2022-2026

accurate climate information

• https://climatefeedback.org/

crime

1. domestic violence increases 10% in high traffic areas. Domestic violence/crime costs £1000/year/person in UK. £32m for Littlehampton
   
2. adjusting for Littlehampton, and the fact that ‘high traffic’ does not directly compare to ‘low speeds' or '20mph’, reducing speeds would be expected to reduce street crime and crime generally a little, perhaps 5%, =£50/person/year = £1.5m/year for Littlehampton

truancy and educational achievement

1. Transportation and Stress: The academic literature indicates that the way in which students arrive at school influences their health, behaviour, and school performance. 2020
2. higher levels of traffic pollution leads to behavioural and academic problems. (same reference)
3. Stress (increased with high speed driving as above) reduces academic performance (jedfoundation)
4. It is difficult to put a financial cost of this. But the personal cost will result in a generally lower standard of education which will result in higher unemployment and social derivation.

walkable cities etc

• books cities walkability health strategy
• streets for life , https://www.20splenty.org/ , strongcitiesnetwork.org , strong-cities-2030 ,

induced demand

more roads or wider roads increase congestion

50 in 10: (50% cycling in 10 years) cost of a cycling network

• £2m/km a cycling network is affordable and has a long-term effect on physical activity that in turn has a positive impact on health improvement.

50 in 10: road engineering

20mph speeds are a step towards a cycling network

1. Road engineering is needed to increase cycling substantially
2. Cycling rates in Europe
3. cycling cities ,

Appendix..objections listed in Welsh survey

objections

Makes journey times longer	81%
Increases congestion	77%
Would annoy drivers	75%
Would make no difference to cyclists' safety	74%
Might be ignored by many drivers	72%
Would make no difference to pedestrians' safety	70%
Increases pollution	62%
Makes the quality of life worse	57%
Might not be policed and enforced effectively	57%